در حال ویرایش الگو:Excerpt/توضیحات

{{High-use}}
{{Documentation subpage}}
{{Lua|Module:Excerpt}}
This template is used for reusing parts of pages in other pages. This practice has various [[#Advantages and disadvantages|advantages and disadvantages]].

This template extends the capabilities of the built-in [[Help:Transclusion|normal transclusion]] and [[Help:Labeled section transclusion|labeled section transclusion]].

==Usage==

===Basic usage===

* <code><nowiki>{{Excerpt|Page title}}</nowiki></code> — Transclude the lead section ([[Africa#Water|example]])
* <code><nowiki>{{Excerpt|Page title|Section title}}</nowiki></code> — Transclude a specific section, excluding any subsections ([[Eating#Mammals|example]])

===Parameters===

* <code>1</code> or <code>article</code> or <code>page</code> — '''Required.''' Name of the article or page to transclude. By default the lead section is transcluded ([[Africa#Water|example]]). If the page contains an infobox, the image and caption of the infobox will be transcluded (unless <code>files=0</code> is set). Also, templates listed at [[Module:Excerpt/config]] will not be transcluded (unless requested explicitly with {{para|templates}}, see below).
* <code>2</code> or <code>section</code> or <code>fragment</code> — Name of the section to transclude ([[Eating#Mammals|example]]) or of the <code><nowiki><section></nowiki></code> tag to transclude ([[Axiom Space#AX-1|example]]). Must be marked with <code><nowiki><section begin=Name of the fragment/></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><section end=Name of the fragment/></nowiki></code> in the transcluded page. Notice that this template provides other ways of targeting specific fragments of a page without having to resort to section tags.
* <code>only</code> — Elements to transclude. By default all elements are transcluded (except templates blacklisted at [[Module:Excerpt/config]])
** <code>only=file</code> — Transclude only the first file
** <code>only=files</code> — Transclude only files
** <code>only=list</code> — Transclude only the first list
** <code>only=lists</code> — Transclude only lists
** <code>only=table</code> — Transclude only the first table
** <code>only=tables</code> — Transclude only tables ([[JKT48#Singles|example]])
** <code>only=template</code> — Transclude only the first template
** <code>only=templates</code> — Transclude only templates
** <code>only=paragraph</code> — Transclude only the first paragraph
** <code>only=paragraphs</code> — Transclude only paragraphs
* <code>paragraphs</code> — Paragraphs to transclude. By default all paragraphs are transcluded.
** <code>paragraphs=0</code> — Transclude no paragraphs
** <code>paragraphs=1</code> — Transclude the first paragraph
** <code>paragraphs=2</code> — Transclude the second paragraph
** <code>paragraphs=1,3</code> — Transclude the first and third paragraphs
** <code>paragraphs=1-3</code> — Transclude the first, second and third paragraphs
** <code>paragraphs=1-3,5</code> — Transclude the first, second, third and fifth paragraphs
** <code>paragraphs=-1</code> — Transclude all paragraphs except the first
** <code>paragraphs=-2</code> — Transclude all paragraphs except the second
** <code>paragraphs=-1,3</code> — Transclude all paragraphs except the first and third
** <code>paragraphs=-1-3</code> — Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second and third
** <code>paragraphs=-1-3,5</code> — Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second, third and fifth
* <code>lists</code> — Lists to transclude. By default all lists are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs.
* <code>files</code> — Files to transclude. By default all files are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs, but also:
** <code>files=A.jpg</code> — Transclude the file named 'A.jpg'
** <code>files=A.jpg, B.png, C.gif</code> — Transclude the files named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
** <code>files=.+%.png</code> — Transclude all PNG files
** <code>files=-A.jpg</code> — Transclude all files except the one named 'A.jpg'
** <code>files=-A.jpg, B.png, C.gif</code> — Transclude all files except the ones named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
** <code>files=-.+%.png</code> — Transclude all non-PNG files
* <code>tables</code> — Tables to transclude. By default all tables are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs, but also:
** <code>tables=Stats2020</code> — Transclude the table with id 'Stats2020'
** <code>tables=Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018</code> — Transclude the tables with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
** <code>tables=-Stats2020</code> — Transclude all tables except the one with id 'Stats2020'
** <code>tables=-Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018</code> — Transclude all tables except the ones with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
* <code>templates</code> — Templates to transclude. By default all templates are transcluded except those blacklisted at [[Module:Excerpt/config]]. Using a hyphen before a comma-delimited list of templates adds those templates to the blacklist.
** <code>templates=-Ocean</code> — Add the template 'Ocean' to the blacklist
** <code>templates=-Ocean, Nature</code> — Add the templates 'Ocean' and 'Nature' to the blacklist
** <code>templates=Infobox person</code> — Ignore the blacklist and transclude the template 'Infobox person'
** <code>templates=Infobox person, Ocean</code> — Ignore the blacklist and transclude the templates 'Infobox person' and 'Ocean'
** <code>templates=.*</code> — Ignore the blacklist and transclude all templates
* <code>this</code> — Change the initial text of the hatnote. For example, if the transcluded content is a gallery, you can set <code>this=This gallery is</code> so that the hatnote reads "This gallery is an excerpt from..." ([[Eastern Distributor#Tolls|example]]).
* <code>displaytitle</code> — Change the text of the link in the hatnote. For example, [[WP:ITHAT|add italics]], subscripts, etc.
* <code>hat=no</code> — Hide the [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnote]] "This section is an excerpt from..."
* <code>bold=yes</code> — Preserve '''bold''' text.
* <code>links=no</code> — Remove all wikilinks.
* <code>quote=yes</code> — Wrap the excerpt with <code><nowiki><blockquote></nowiki></code> tags.
* <code>inline=yes</code> — Remove the hatnote and <code><nowiki><div></nowiki></code> tags around the excerpt, to use it inside other text.
* <code>onlyfreefiles=no</code> — Enables transclusion of non-free files.
* <code>briefdates=yes</code> — Abbreviate birth and death information to (YYYY-YYYY) format
* <code>references=no</code> — Remove all references.
* <code>subsections=yes</code> — Include subsections of the transcluded section. Notice that if the transclusion is done from a section level 3, and the transcluded subsections are level 3 too, then the transcluded subsections will show with the same hierarchy as the transcluding section, which is probably not desirable, so use with caution.

=== Replacing summary section with excerpt of child article ===

[[File:How to excerpt.webm|thumb|How to replace a section with an excerpt.]]

A section is often a [[WP:Summary style|summary]] in a [[WP:G#Parent article|parent article]] of a more detailed page about a subtopic located in a [[WP:G#child page|child page]]; these are generally linked with [[Template:Main]] in the parent. Sometimes it's convenient to replace the content of such a summary section in the parent with an excerpt of the child page lead (after merging any valuable content of the section into the child page). In such cases, an efficient way to proceed is:

# Open the parent section for editing in one tab, and the child article in another.
# Copy the text of the parent section and append it to the lead section of the child page.
# Consolidate and adjust the combined lead using common sense.
# Save the changes in the child article with an edit summary like: "{{xt|<nowiki>Copied content from [[Page]]. See that article's history for attribution."</nowiki>}}
# Back in the parent page section, delete all content except the section header and replace it with an excerpt of the child page.
# Save the changes in the section; proposed [[WP:ES|edit summary]]: "{{xt|Moved section content to <nowiki>[[Child page title]]</nowiki> and replaced with excerpt.}}"

===Refinement using inclusion control===

{{Further|Help:Template#Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude}}

Sometimes, a passage will almost fit for a transclusion, but not quite. In these cases, you can edit the source page to add <code><nowiki><noinclude>...</noinclude></nowiki></code> tags around content you don't want in the excerpt and <code><nowiki><includeonly>...</includeonly></nowiki></code> tags around content you want only in the excerpt.

For instance, the page [[COVID-19 misinformation]] begins with "The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] has resulted in [[misinformation]]...". However, when excerpting this lead to the misinformation section of [[COVID-19 pandemic]], we don't need to specify which pandemic we're referring to. Therefore, the code <code><nowiki>The <noinclude>[[COVID-19 pandemic]]</noinclude><includeonly>pandemic</includeonly> has resulted in [[misinformation]]</nowiki></code> can be used at the misinformation page, so that it will appear at the pandemic page as "The pandemic has resulted in [[misinformation]]...".

For pages with a high volume of edits, it may be a good idea to leave a hidden comment explaining why the tags are there, so that no one will be [[WP:FENCE|tempted]] to remove them, like so: <code><nowiki>The <noinclude>[[COVID-19 pandemic]]</noinclude><!--These tags are used to refine the excerpt at [[COVID-19 pandemic]]--><includeonly>pandemic</includeonly> has resulted in [[misinformation]]</nowiki></code>

Please note that when the <code><nowiki></noinclude></nowiki></code> tag is wrapped into a new line, a character next to it would be interpreted as a line beginning. This can lead to some formatting problems. For example, when a <code><nowiki></noinclude></nowiki></code> at line beginning is succeeded by a [[whitespace character]], the page engine would translate this as a [[Help:Wikitext#Limiting formatting / escaping wiki markup|leading space]] that renders the subsequent paragraph in [[code block]] and [[monospaced font]] with preserved formatting. For this reason, no spaces should separate the <code><nowiki></noinclude></nowiki></code> tag from the text it precedes.

===Compared to #section===

For simple cases of transcluding sections of articles, the {{pf|section}}, {{pf|section-x}}, and {{pf|section-h}} (abbreviated {{pf|lst}}, {{pf|lstx}}, and {{pf|lsth}})) parser functions can be used instead of this template. {{pf|lsth|''article''|''fragmentname''}} will transclude the section of "''article''" with the header "''fragmentname''", and {{pf|lsth|''article''}} will transclude the lead section of "''article''". Excerpting only specific paragraphs can be done by marking up the source article with <code><nowiki><section begin=</nowiki>''<nowiki>fragmentname</nowiki>''<nowiki>/>...<section end=</nowiki>''<nowiki>fragmentname</nowiki>''<nowiki>/></nowiki></code> tags and using {{pf|lst|''article''|''fragmentname''}} to transclude those fragments, which is equivalent to using the {{para|fragment|''fragmentname''}} parameter with this template. {{pf|lsth|''article''|''fragmentname''}} can also be used to transclude everything ''but'' those fragments.

The text will not be trimmed of excess whitespace, there will not be a header (equivalent to {{para|hat|no}}, and all files, templates, tables, references, and subsections will be included unless the source article is marked up with <code><nowiki><section begin=</nowiki>''<nowiki>fragmentname</nowiki>''<nowiki>/>...<section end=</nowiki>''<nowiki>fragmentname</nowiki>''<nowiki>/></nowiki></code>, {{tag|noinclude}}, or {{tag|onlyinclude}} tags. [[Help:Self link|Self links]] will appear in bold.

=== Excerpt trees ===

[[File:Excerpt tree.png|thumb|Visual representation of an imaginary excerpt tree.]]

When a very general article uses excerpts from more specific articles, which in turn use excerpts from even more specific articles, then a [[tree structure]] emerges, called an "Excerpt tree".

Here you can navigate the main excerpt trees on the English Wikipedia. It's useful for editors interested in expanding or improving them. To navigate the trees, click the following button<sup><abbr title="{{Int:gadgets-sister}}">(S)</abbr></sup>:

{{Clickable button 2|url={{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}#Excerpt trees|withJS=MediaWiki:ExcerptTree.js}} |2=See the excerpt trees}}

<div class="ExcerptTree" style="display: none;">

* [[January 6 United States Capitol attack]]
* [[Algae]]
* [[Africa]]
* [[Aquatic ecosystem]]
* [[Bangladesh]]
* [[Campanology]]
* [[Climate change in Africa]]
* [[Climate change in South Asia]]
* [[Climate justice]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic]]
* [[Ecosystem]]
** [[Aquatic ecosystem]]
* [[Effects of climate change on humans]]
* [[Environmental impact of agriculture]]
* [[Eutrophication]]
* [[Fishing industry]]
* [[Food]]
* [[God]]
** [[Existence of God]]
* [[Hygiene]]
* [[List of carillons]]
* [[List of LGBT-related cases in the United States Supreme Court]]
* [[Marine debris]]
* [[Middle East]]
* [[Ocean]]
* [[Plastic pollution]]
* [[Public health]]
* [[Sanitation]]
* [[Sewage]]
* [[Sustainable Development Goals]]
* [[Tourism]]
* [[Wastewater treatment]]
* [[Water resources]]

</div>

==Advantages and disadvantages==

The use of {{tl|Excerpt}} has the following advantages:

* '''Reduces maintenance''' by avoiding duplicate content that must be updated multiple times
* '''Improves content quality''' by encouraging editors to merge related content, rather than having multiple versions in various stages of development (see [[#Replacing summary section with excerpt of child article]])
* '''Fosters collaboration''' by channeling contributors into one place, rather than working in parallel
* '''Promotes rapid development''' of articles, especially those written in [[WP:Summary style|summary style]]

It also has the following disadvantages:

* '''Impediment to editing''' as you have to go to the sub article to make changes to the main article (though excerpts include a hatnote with an [edit] button to edit the excerpted article in one click)
* '''Reduces accuracy''' as an excerpt of one article is not always a perfect fit into a new article (but see [[#Refinement using inclusion control]])
* '''Decreases visibility''' as changes to the sub article will not appear on the watchlist of editors of the main article (see [[phab:T55525]])
* '''Risk of linkrot''' as pages or sections are blanked, moved, or deleted; this may result in the appearance of [[#Error messages|§&nbsp;error messages]] on the page <!-- may be able to be mitigated through use of anchors; see [[MOS:BROKENEXCERPTLINKS]] -->

== Error messages ==

If an error is detected, an error message will appear in the article in place of the expected transcluded content:
<!-- Error messages accessed by Module:Transcluder using  [[c:Data:I18n/Module:Transcluder.tab]]-->
* <span class="error">No page given</span> – No page was passed to the template <!--error-no-page-->
* <span class="error">Title X is not valid</span> – The title passed is not valid (contains [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Forbidden characters|forbidden characters]] such as < or >) <!--error-invalid-title-->
* <span class="error">Page X not found</span> – The page passed does not exist, or the page is a redirect and the target page was not found <!--error-page-not-found-->
* <span class="error">Lead section is empty</span> – The page exists, but cannot excerpt from non-existent lead <!--error-lead-empty-->
* <span class="error">Section X not found</span> – The given section does not exist <!--error-section-not-found-->
* <span class="error">Section X is empty</span> – The given section exists, but is empty <!--error-section-empty-->

==See also==

* [[Module:Excerpt]]
* [[Module:Excerpt/config]]
* [[Module:Transcluder]]
* [[c:Data:I18n/Module:Excerpt.tab]]
* [[Help:Transclusion#Drawbacks]]
* [[:Category:Articles with excerpts]], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&target=Template%3AExcerpt&namespace=0 Articles that link to "Template:Excerpt"] (unsorted)
* [[:Category:Articles with broken excerpts]]
* [[Help:Labeled section transclusion]] – A more efficient method for simple section transclusions
* [[Wikipedia:Transclusion#Selective transclusion]] – how to transclude one or more sections of an article or project page into another
* [[Wikipedia:Summary style#Synchronization]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Introductions]]
* {{tl|Transcluded section}} – creates hatnote but ''does not transclude'' the section
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&target=Template%3ATranscluded+section&namespace=0 Pages that link to "Template:Transcluded section" (articles)] (unsorted)
* {{tl|Transcluding article}} – transcludes one or more entire pages
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&target=Template%3ATranscluding+article&namespace=0 Pages that link to "Template:Transcluding article" (articles)] (unsorted)
* [[meta:Grants:Project/Rapid/Sophivorus/Excerpts]] - Grant to spread excerpts to various Wikipedias
* [[meta:Concise Wikipedia]] - Perennial new project proposal (see the [[meta:Concise Wikipedia#A summary of existing short-options, using an example|comparison table]] at the bottom in particular)
* [[Single source of truth]]
* [[Wikimania:2021:Submissions/Excerpts: Modular and Reusable Content within Wikipedia|Excerpts: Modular and Reusable Content within Wikipedia]] - Video presentation about excerpts for Wikimania 2021
* {{tl|Transclude lead excerpt}} and {{tl|Transclude linked excerpt}} – templates designed for excerpt transclusion in portals

==Template data==

<templatedata>
{
	"params": {
		"1": {
			"aliases": [
				"article",
				"page"
			],
			"label": "Article",
			"description": "Name of the article or page to transclude",
			"example": "Science",
			"type": "wiki-page-name",
			"required": true
		},
		"2": {
			"aliases": [
				"section",
				"fragment"
			],
			"label": "Section",
			"description": "Name of the section or <section> tag to transclude",
			"example": "History",
			"type": "string"
		},
		"paragraphs": {
			"label": "Paragraphs",
			"description": "Paragraphs to transclude",
			"example": "1-3,5",
			"type": "string",
			"aliases": [
				"paragraph"
			]
		},
		"files": {
			"label": "Files",
			"description": "Files to transclude",
			"example": "1-3,5",
			"type": "string",
			"default": "1",
			"aliases": [
				"file"
			]
		},
		"subsections": {
			"label": "Subsections",
			"description": "Whether to transclude the subsections of the requested section",
			"example": "yes",
			"type": "boolean"
		},
		"tables": {
			"label": "Tables",
			"description": "Tables to transclude",
			"example": "Stats2020",
			"type": "string",
			"aliases": [
				"table"
			]
		},
		"references": {
			"label": "References",
			"description": "Whether to transclude the references",
			"example": "no",
			"type": "boolean"
		},
		"only": {
			"label": "Only",
			"description": "Transclude only this kind of element",
			"example": "table",
			"type": "string"
		},
		"this": {
			"label": "This",
			"description": "Change the initial text of the hatnote",
			"example": "This gallery is",
			"type": "string"
		},
		"displaytitle": {
			"label": "Display title",
			"description": "Change the text of the link in the hatnote",
			"type": "string"
		},
		"class": {
			"label": "Class",
			"description": "Additional CSS class",
			"example": "noprint",
			"type": "string"
		},
		"hat": {
			"label": "Hatnote",
			"description": "Whether to include the hatnote",
			"example": "no",
			"type": "boolean",
			"default": "yes"
		},
		"bold": {
			"label": "Bold",
			"description": "Whether to preserve bold text",
			"example": "no",
			"type": "boolean",
			"default": "yes"
		},
		"links": {
			"label": "Wikilinks",
			"description": "Whether to preserve wikilinks",
			"example": "no",
			"type": "boolean",
			"default": "yes"
		},
		"quote": {
			"label": "Quote",
			"description": "Wraps the excerpt in <blockquote> tags",
			"example": "yes",
			"type": "boolean",
			"default": "no"
		},
		"inline": {
			"label": "Inline",
			"description": "Remove the hatnote and <div> tags around the excerpt, to use it inside other text",
			"example": "yes",
			"type": "boolean",
			"default": "no"
		},
		"lists": {
			"aliases": [
				"list"
			],
			"label": "Lists",
			"description": "Lists to transclude",
			"example": "1",
			"type": "string"
		},
		"templates": {
			"aliases": [
				"template"
			],
			"label": "Templates",
			"description": "Templates to transclude",
			"example": "Infobox person",
			"type": "string"
		},
		"onlyfreefiles": {
			"label": "Only free files",
			"description": "Enable transclusion of non-free files",
			"example": "yes",
			"type": "boolean",
			"default": "no"
		},
		"briefdates": {
			"label": "Brief dates",
			"description": "Abbreviate birth and death information to (YYYY-YYYY) format",
			"example": "yes",
			"type": "boolean",
			"default": "no"
		}
	},
	"description": "This template is used for transcluding part of an article into another article.",
	"paramOrder": [
		"1",
		"2",
		"only",
		"paragraphs",
		"files",
		"tables",
		"lists",
		"templates",
		"references",
		"subsections",
		"hat",
		"bold",
		"links",
		"quote",
		"this",
		"displaytitle",
		"inline",
		"onlyfreefiles",
		"briefdates",
		"class"
	]
}
</templatedata>

<includeonly>{{sandbox other||
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[[رده:الگو:بخش صفحه ویکی‌پدیا]]
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